Sampela Tip bilong lukim olsem ol i save mekim gutpela wok long sentrifugal kasting.
long sotpela dai bilong win
Tok i go pas:
Long Ni-Resist groove insert i wokim gutpela sistem em long gat ol masin bilong kasting bilong kausel taip sentrifugal kasting wantaim ol dai inap longpela taim, na ol i gat otomatik kontrol bilong rpm, tempereja na saikel taim{{1} Ol bikpela kampani i gat nem long ol kampani i save yusim ol samting bilong dai bilong dai bilong dai bilong pinis bilong pinis bilong dai bilong pinis bilong dai bilong pinis bilong pinis bilong dai bilong pinis bilong dai bilong pinis bilong pinis bilong dai bilong dai bilong pinis.
In producing captive castings or moving to low cost suppliers, the centrifugal casting machines generally used have short dies of 300mm length without water-cooling. The control on microstructure becomes more difficult, particularly at the rear end of the pots due to more rapid solidification. The front of the pot stays hot longer, being closer to the hot metal poured in at this end.
Bilong kisim gutpela kwaliti na wankain bilong ol maikrostraksa bilong ol inset ol i wokim long ol kain sospen olsem, long wanpela arere i go long narapela sait, sampela simpol as tingting i mas bihainim strong long proses bilong prodaksen.
Preperesen blong melt:
Inputim ol raw materiel:
Hae pesen blong Nickel long samting ia i nidim mo i gat gudfala melting mo miksim furnace blong inaf kapasiti. Bes we i stret long stamba tingting ia hemi wan Mains frikwensi Indaksen furnace blong minimam 500-Kg kapasiti mo i moa gud blong 1000-Kg kapasiti{3}}
Ol input raw materiel i nid blong gat ol stret klin fasin. Kabaed foming element olsem Mo, Va, Ti mo W oli sud kipim blong ol tras. Lukaot: Plante komesel pig aean i gat hae Mo mo Ti{2}} I gud blong mekem se long faenol insert ia, ol element ia oli sud kontrolem olgeta insaed long ol limit ia:
Mo > 0.05%
Ti > 0.04%
W > 0.02%
Va > 0.02%
Scel skrap em i wanpela as bilong ol tramp element we inap kamapim ol hevi ol i no inap save long en long ol Ni-resist materiel. Ol stiel skrap i mas stap tasol long maks 10% bilong sas inap long mak i ken kamap na bilong wanpela sos ol i save long en na komposesen{3}}
Ol sip na boring tu i mas stap daunbilo, sapos ol i no inap abrusim olgeta. Em i gutpela long daunim ol dispela long mak bilong 60% na i mas drai na klin.Miksim ol sip i wankain long melt em i hat. Ol lus bilong sampela samting i kam long ol sips i antap na i gat hevi bilong win na haidrojen i trapim ol sip, na tupela wantaim i promotim ol nogut grafit na ol strongpela carbides.
Salfa long melt i nid long wan smol ranj. I shud kipim raon long 0.06% blong kasem strongnes we yu wantem blong kasem {{3} Hae Salfa i givim problem long maekrostrakja.
Kabon Ikwivalent:
Ol i save olsem Kabon Ikwivalent ( CE ) i wanpela bikpela samting bilong ol kast ain bilong kast. Dispela samting i save mekim bikpela wok long kain bilong maikrostraksa ol i bin kamapim long kastating. Em i pas gut wantaim mak bilong solidifikesen, we long bekim i gat strong long ol kros-seksen bilong ol kasting na tempereja.
Jenerol konvensen em long kompiutim CE veliu bihainim Volium/Surface (V/S) reshio bilong wanpela kasting. Long 3-dimensenal kasting, we i gat kain kain kros-seksen, dispela i hat tru{{3} Ol sentrifugal pot, maski {4}dimensenal, ol i ken kaunim ol dispela i kamap long ol dispela simetrikel seksen, maski {4}dimensenal, ol i ken kaunim ol dispela long ol dispela i go insait fomula:
Volium / Surface Eria Resio V/S
V/S = ( D2 - d2 ) H / 4 ( DH + dH + ( D2 - d2 ) / 2 )
D= Ausait Daiamita ( OD ) bilong Sentrifugal Kast Pot .
d=Insait Daiamita ( I.D{{2} ) bilong Sentrifugal Kast Pot .
H=Hait bilong Sentrifugal Kast Pot
Wanpela gutpela samting bilong sentrifugal kast pot em i Digri bilong Saturation, we fomula i givim:
Digri bilong Saturation Sc :
;
we, C, Si na Ni em ol trupela veliu long hevi-%
Long ol aplikesen bilong mipela, gutpela pe bilong Sc = 0,80 - 0,95
Sapos yu putim wanpela CE mita long oven, dispela bai mekim na yu inap bosim gut ol samting bilong Carbon na Silikon insait long metal pastaim long yu tromoi ol sospen i kam insait long en.
Rekomend rein bilong C, Si & Mn bihain long inokulasen:
Kabon: 2.70 – 2.80%
Silikon: 2.10 – 2.20%
Manganese: 1.20 – 1.30%
Melting:
It is important to stratify the charge loading into the furnace for optimum mixing of the large quantity of the Nickel and copper in Ni-Resist material. The input material charging sequence desirable is to first change 50% Pig iron + Scrap, and when it just melts add Nickel, Copper, Ferro alloys, carbon, and finally top up with the balance 50% Pig Ain.
Kabon i mas stap long stat long waswas long 2.75 - 2.80%, Ni long 14.5 -15%, Silikon long 1.8 – 1.9%, Kromiam long 1.15 –1.2%, Mn long 1.2 – 1.25%
Wok bilong Silikon Kabait:
Blong mekem sua se i gat inaf nukleesen saet long melt, SiC i plei wan impoten rol. Olsem mo SiC i mas fomem wan pat blong orijinol jaj mek-ap kalkulesen{{2} Mo oli nidim moa SiC adisen jes bifo supa-hitim melt, taem we oli jekem mo apruvum kemistri; na tu bihain long ol i paitim olgeta sampela ladles, olsem na ol i kompensetim kabon diplesen i kompenset. Dispela bai helpim long lukim olsem ol mak bilong kabon i stap insait na olsem na wanpela CE na maikrostraksa i stap wankain moa.
Ol i rekomendem namba bilong SiC long sas mek-ap em 0.5% bilong olgeta sas wantaim ol aloiing element ol i putim long charge. Dispela adisen i kamap insait long sas mek-ap bilong kabon na silikon{{6} Bihain long melt i winim tempereja bilong 1400C, ol i sekim kemistri na stretim ol samting. i apruvum, wan moa 0.1% SiC i ademap mo kwiktaem nomo oli karem furnace i kam long ful seting mo melt ia i super-het i go long wok tempereja (oltaem 1480 –1500 C, i dipen long drop blong tempereja we oli ekspektem long taem we kapsaet i finis i finis long wanwan ledle), mo i tap aot i go long wan we oli bin hitim bifo we oli bin hitim fastaem.
Addition of SiC must be done also at regular intervals during the pouring cycle for replenishing the carbon losses. In order to assess the exact requirement of quantity and timing of SiC additions for a given melting set-up and operating conditions, it is best to run several closely monitored heats for carbon drop with time. In a continuing production mode, checking the carbon content in each ladle tapped will give sufficient data to determine when the carbon drops off more than 0.05% long wanem step wanpela kalkulet kwantiti bilong SiC i mas go insait long furnace na larim i kisim sampela minit pastaim long yu tapim aut gain.
Ladle Filing na inokulasen:
Bipo ol i putim wanpela 'ladle' i go long ples bilong wokim ol samting i hat tru na bai ol i hatim 'lining' na hat wantaim 'torch flame' we ol i yusim pinis bilong {{0} Fainel hat long stat bilong senis na bihain long wanpela malolo i mas kamap long rot bilong slip wantaim 'mollten' metal i kam long 'furnace' bilong 'furnace' bilong 'furnace' i kam long 'furnace' bilong 'furnace' bilong 750' i mas i gat wanpela 'reladling' bilong 750 i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i laikim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we ol i nidim moa long wanpela 'reladling' we i nidim wanpela 'reladling' i ken kamap. usus . Wanpela kontek pyromita i mas yusim long lukim olsem tempereja i stret.
Long tingting, ol hai Ni samting i save givim inokulasen bilong ol yet. Tasol long ol seksen bilong mipela bilong ol sentrifugal kasting na ol strongpela kontrol long maikrostraksa, em i gutpela na i mas kamap bilong mekim wanpela inokulasen insait long ledle i klostu long taim bilong kapsaitim i kam insait long 75}} Wok bilong inokulasen wantaim Hai Gret Ferro Silikon i kam insait wantaim Hai Gret Ferro Silikon. 0{{8}25 % Si pik- antap. I gud blong no yusum ol konvensenol kast aen inokulant olsem supaseed long samting ia from Strontium i intaferens.
Introdiusum ol rare earths bae i helpem maekrostrakja blong yumi. posibol blong yusum wan RISED we i moa gud inoculant, wetem serium, yumi save lukluk long hem.
Na tu, ol i kontrolim namba bilong Nickel-Mag ol i bin kamapim wantaim inokulant inap gat gutpela wok tru long abrusim grafit i kol i bin kamap kol (1}}
I dai:
Disain:
Kontrolem wota-koling i gud blong mekem sua se i gat wan yunifom tempereja blong dae long wan en blong nara. Be sapos blong karem wota i kam kolkol i had blong traem blong mekem ea i kolkol blong dae anda long wan stret jaket wetem inlet long fored mo hot ea we i kamaot long baksaed blong.
Since machinability problem is mostly confined to the rear end inserts it is advisable to study the microstructures of the rear end inserts and determine the minimum cut-off needed to ensure that only good microstructure inserts get into production. For naturally air-cooled short dies of 300mm length generally a cut-off of at least 40-mm is required.
Long longpela taim longpela bilong ol pot i mas go antap long 30 – 35mm long rot bilong wokim ol nupela baksait end plag. Dispela bai mekim na wanpela bikpela kat-of i no inap bagarapim namba bilong ol insert ol i katim long wan wan pot.
Wanpela gutpela rot moa i stap long wokim gen ol dispela dai long kisim 600 mm longpela pot we i save kamapim gutpela samting maski em i bin katim 50mm long baksait bilong en.
Insulasen:
Planti sotpela dai i save yusim ol samting i drai long ID we i save wok olsem insulasen na wanpela separator. I gat ol samting i gat gutpela wet insulesen, we bai givim gutpela lukaut long chilling.
I gud tu blong insuletem front mo, sapos i posibol, ol flanges biaen blong ol ded.
ID pes bilong dai i no ken stap aninit long 300C long wanem taim long taim bilong gutpela prodaksen. Wanpela kontek pyromita i mas stap han long wanwan dai bilong lukim olsem dispela.
Long stat blong wanwan sif mo afta long evri brek, 1 o moa dummy pot i mas kapsaetem olsem we i nid blong mekem sua se tempereja blong dae long ID i stap antap long 300C.
Taem prodaksen i stap gohed, tempereja blong ded bae i go antap sloslou mo mekem i stap strong long 450 – 500 C. Hemia i wan gudfala tempereja blong ol sot, we oli kolkol olsem we oli kolkol long nature blong olgeta.
Ol rekot:
Em i bikpela samting long lukluk oltaim long olgeta paramita na holim stretpela na stretpela rekot.
Long ol divelopmen step em i gutpela tu long lukautim ol rekot bilong kabon na silikon bilong wan wan ledle na kamapim SiC adisen program i kam long dispela bilong.
Kontrol bilong maikrostraksa i mas kamap planti taim olsem i posibol/i mas kamap long laspela gutpela inset ol i katim long baksait bilong wanpela sospen, inap ol paramita bilong kasting na katim i stap gut olgeta i stap gut.
