Organizational characteristics of 42 CrMo ring billet Figure 1 is the computer numerical simulation of the solidified tissue by the vertical centrifugal casting at the casting speed of 480 rad/s, the casting temperature of 1500℃, the outer diameter of the casting of 1000mm, the internal diameter of 360mm and the process parameters of the cast water cooling. Figure 4. Olsem yumi ken lukim long piksa, ausait wol bilong anular kasting em i wanpela yunifom gutpela isopaxial kristal rijon{{8} insait long insait bilong kasting, grein i save senis long gutpela isopaxial kristal i go long tikpela kolumar kristal rijon, na kolinar kristal i wok long kamap bikpela na bikpela bilong . wall, start knot, crystal solidification, crystalline latent heat is perpendicular to the cast wall continuous outward heat dissipation, so the metal to the setting in the solidification of centrifugal casting process, because the casting wall is cold, and the cast wall is cold, but water spraying, when high temperature metal meets low temperature casting wall, near the metal wall by strong cooling effect, produce great overcooling℃and a large number of heterogeneous core. These core in cold melt in dendite growth, due to the heat dissipation of crystallization without directional, and a lot of, core block each other continue to grow up, so near the circular casting wall area form tiny, axial crystal organization, with the increase of solidification thickness and stable solidification shell formation, grain directly, by the surface of fine axial crystal some grain for the base growth, developed from outward and internal growth of columnar crystal area. Due to the coagulation layer barrier cooling, the alloy liquid cooling speed is reduced, resulting in lower alloy solidification speed, centrifugal casting process alloy liquid is mainly controlled by the one-dimensional cooling temperature, at this time, one-way heat dissipation conditions at the solid-liquid interface, under the action of one-way heat flow, the alloy along the radial ring casting growth, thus formed in Figure 1 (b) area column. Bikos long selektiv gro, long divelopmen bilong kolumar kristal, moa longwe longwe long wol, moa ol kristal i no gutpela moa i pinis, moa i konsent long daireksen bilong kolumar kristal, na bikpela sais bilong grein, olsem i stap long piksa 1 (c){19}}
3 Ol as bilong makroskopik segregesen 3.1 Long taim bilong solidifikesen bilong sentrifugal kasting, wara bilong ain i save tantanim i save stap aninit long radial sentrifugal fos na vertikal, na stretpela daunbilo graviti. Sentrifugal fos i proporsenol long radius blong rotesen, mo i proporsenol long skwea blong angular rotesen spid:
F i stap longwe long m2r
We: F i sentrifugal fos blong aean wota; m em i mas bilong ain wara; em i roteting angular velositi bilong kast. Olsem wantaim graviti akseleresen long gravitasen fil, metal wara bai gat sentrifugal akseleresen long roteting sentrifugal fos fil{{1} Komposisen segregesen bilong sentrifugal kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bilong 42 CrMo ring kasting bai kamap. bilong strongpela hap na likid fez. Olsem na, em i kamapim bikpela senis long aloi komposesen. Olsem makroskopik segregesen ekwesen p, averes velositi bilong aloi flow na solidifikesen kol bilong en em makroskopik bias .
u 1
Analysis i plei mein rol. Taem risal blong hem i 1, i no gat segregesen. From ifek blong sentrifugal fos, flow spid blong hem i akseleret, taem aloi likid flow spid v. Kontrari i go long solidifikasen spid daereksen u, wota we i ron long hot end blong tu-phes rijen i go long kolkol en i go long kolkol end, we i stap long hot end blong tu-feis rijen i go long 201 yia. solute rich area, producing negative segregation, and otherwise, producing positive segregation back. In this study, under the influence of alloy elements, chromium has a strong affinity with carbon, which reduces the diffusion rate of carbon, increases the incubation period of supercooled austenite decomposition, and slows down the solidification speed, thus generating segregation.3.3 Layer segregation Figure 4 is a skematik daigram bilong metal likid flo long kast aksial seksen. Taim aloi wara i go insait long kast, metal wara i go insait long kast, metal wara i go insait long fom bilong ron bilong aksial flo, mosen, em namba wan leit bilong metal likid ① dosim aksial flo, bikos long tempereja i go daun, olsem wara i ron, liklik, spit bilong namba wan strim ② flo na i go aut long kondisen bilong namba wan strim ② ron na i go aut long namba wan strim ② flo na bihain long namba wan strim ② flow, liklik, spit bilong namba wan strim ② flow, liklik, spit bilong namba wan strim ② flow na i go aut Tempereja, spid mo tisu difrens, we i fom long fom blong ol konsentrik ring.
3.4 Ol mak bilong daunim segregesen Ol mak bilong daunim makro segregesen em: ① Makim stretpela kasting spit, bai aloi wara i gat .
Wanpela gutpela flo spit.② Addim inkubasen ejen long solidifikesen proses bilong aloi likid long hariapim solidifikesen.③ Tekim stretpela kol rot long sotim solidifikesen taim bilong solid-likwid tu-feis eria, na skruim solidifikesen kol taim i go inap long mak we i posibol.}
Tisu mak na makro-seanalisis bilong Cu-17Ni{2}}}Tel-X aloi kasting bilong Cu-17Ni{5}…{5}……5}Al-X kopa aloi wantaim ausait sekol daiamita bilong 265mm, tiknes bilong 50mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi olsem 50mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm na mak bilong 125mm i bin redi long 125mm. copper alloy casting were studied by metallography and electronic probe. The results show that there are two forms of isoaxial crystal and cylindrical crystal in the casting, which are distributed in the outer wall and inner wall of the casting, and distributed in the center of the casting and the area near the inner wall of the casting. In the main combination, the gold elements Cu, Ni, and Al showed slight makroskopik segregesen long ol rediel na aksial daireksen bilong kasting, tasol ol i bin stap yet insait long disain rein bilong aloi.2 Tes Risal 2.1 Tisu mak bilong Kasting Ol makroskopik tisu bilong kasting i stap long piksa 2{17} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}} Em i ken lukim long piksa 2{17}' kasting; makroskopik oganaisesen bilong kasting i ken bruk i go long fopela klia eria i klia tru: gutpela isoaksial zon bilong ausait wol bilong kasting (†, paralel wantaim kasting (ID, koas isoaksial zon (II) klostu long insait wol bilong kasting, IV klostu long pinis bilong insait wol bilong kasting).
Risen em olsem ron bilong metal melt na ridistribusen bilong ol solut atom i no kamapim bikpela senis long aloi komposesen. Folem diskriminesen fomula bilong makroskopik segregesen, ol kondisen bilong rausim makroskopi segregesen em:
v / u / ( 1)
When the alloy is determined, the average velocity of the liquid flow in the dendrite and the solidification velocity of the alloy are determined u. For the solidified and contracted alloy, when the average velocity of liquid flow in the dendrite and the solidification velocity of the alloy are in the opposite direction, the smaller the average velocity of the liquid flow and the greater, the more favorable it is to reduce makroskopik segregesen. Long taim bilong sentrifugal kasting, flo velositi bilong sentrifugal fos na Koridian fos i save hariap, we i no gutpela long pasim makroskopik segregesen{{2} Tasol, long dispela stadi, bikos ol bikpela komponen i stap long liklik hap, inap long mekim gutpela wok bilong ol long rausim wara long melt, inap long mekim gutpela wok bilong ol long rausim wara long melt, inap long mekim gutpela wok bilong ol long rausim wara long melt, na dispela i ken helpim ol long mekim gutpela wok long en. dendrite, impruvim aloi solidifikesen spit, moa yet bikos wol tiknes bilong kasting blank (olsem 55mm), inap pasim gut melt flo, bai long rausim o daunim as bilong makroskopik segregesen bilong kasting.
According to the requirements of RCC-M, the material of the main pipeline of the nuclear island of CPR1000 reactor pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is austenite stainless steel (French brand Z3CN20-09M). This test determined the iron content of the main pipeline according to the MC1000 shevler diagram (Schaeffler) and MC1340 sections, and analyzed the reasons long ol difrens long ol difrens long ol deteksen risal blong ol difren metodku. Folem fasin blong mekem eksperiens blong mein paeplaen mo ol samting we i stap insaed long RCC-MM3406, ol risen blong inkris distribusen blong aean konten blong paeplaen i stap kam antap. skop blong aplikesen blong wei blong skelem ol samting we i hapen long meinmen we i no iven gat eiven, oli faenemaot se i gat wan samting we i no hapen . samarisait.
The disadvantage of centrifugal casting is the rotating metal liquid under the action of centrifugal force, high density of elements, organization has a larger trend to the wall (the outer surface of the centrifugal tube) deposition, and the smaller density, element and organization has a larger trend to migrate to the inner surface, this phenomenon is called centrifugal casting floating, external phenomenon, will make the casting composition segregation, such as main centrifugal tube austenite steinless kasting, kabon, naitrojen, fosforas na salfa element long flot long insait pes bilong sentrifugal tiub, na ol hai densiti element i go long ausait pes bilong sentrifugal tiub{{0} bung wantaim ol samting bilong sentrifugal tiub long RCC-M Z3CN Z3CN{3}}………i kamauteniteit bilong autroinite sulfur and other elements density is far lower than that of iron, pouring metal steel in casting hollow cooling process (natural cooling), by the centrifugal force to the inner wall migration, so that carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and other elements from the appearance of the inner surface increase.Two groups of test samples were selected in Table 2, and the nitrogen content was determined by spectroscopic metod. Ol risal oli soem long Tebol 3, mo inferens antap ia oli konfemem moa.
I save luk long metalology mo Schevler daegram mo DeLong daegram we i kamaot long hem se kabon mo naetrojen oli ol element we oli gat moa paoa we oli promotem fomesen o stabilisasen blong austenit{{0} Long DeLong daegram, kabon mo naetrojen long element blong nikel ikwil kalkulesen fomula i 30%{2}} I finis oli finisim se i gat 30%. I gat 30%. I stap long ent wall to the outer wall is the increase of carbon and nitrogen from the outer surface to the inner surface and the internal floating and sedimentation of the centrifugal tube casting.2.3 Control of centrifugal casting components In industrial production, centrifugal casting components is often used to manufacture castings with gradient properties, such as metal composite castings with high wear resistance on the inner surface. In addition, after centrifugal kasting, wara sprei hariap kol (wara kol sentrifuj tiub) sentrifugal kasting paip i liklik moa long ea kol sentrifugal kasting tiub, na distribusen bilong ain em i wankain olsem yunifom. MP30 MP30 bilong ferrite testa i bin yusim long painimaut ain konten long 1 / 4 bilong ausait pes, 1 / 2 na 1/ 4 na 4 na 1/ 4 na 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 bilong ausait pes i stap long en, 1 / 2 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 bilong ausait pes i stap insait, 1 / 2 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 na 4 na 1/ 4 bilong ausait pes i stap insait long en, em 1 / 2 na 1/ 4 na 1/ 4 bilong ausait pes, em i 1/ 4 na 4 na 1/ 4 bilong ausait pes, 19. shown in Figure 6, and the results are shown in Table 4. According to Table 4, water spraying rapid cooling was adopted after centrifugal casting, without obvious increasing iron distribution from the internal water wall to the external wall.(3) As can be seen from metallography and DeLong diagram, nitrogen is similar to carbon, which promotes the formation of austenite or stable austenite elements. In the composition analysis na kontrol bilong bikpela sentrifugal tiub furnace, antap long bungim ferit konten bilong RCC-MM3406 ol i skelim long shevler-diagram, naitrojen na ol narapela residual element i mas kontrolim tu.(4) Taim ol i kastim sentrifel fos stiel sentrifugel bilong autrogen na ol i mekim wok long en. i stap daunbilo tru long ain, em i save go long wol insait long sentrifuj tiub insait long en, na dispela i mekim na ol i brukim ol samting bilong feit bikos long segregesen bilong ol komponen. Rot bilong kontrolim komposesen na tisyu i segretim long austenite-frait steinles stiel sentrifugesen bilong en, em i wankain taim, sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen bilong wankain taim, sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen bilong wankain taim, em i wanpela sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen bilong wankain taim, em i wanpela sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen bilong wankain taim, em i wanpela sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen bilong wankain taim, em i wanpela sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen we i save mekim wara i kol, em i wanpela sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen we i save mekim wara i kol, em i wanpela sentrifugasen we i save mekim wara i kol, em i bin mekim sentrifugasen long wankain taim, em i bin mekim sentrifugasen bilong sentrifugasen long wankain taim. segregesen, we i save mekem ol spesel prodak mo ol kasting wetem ol pefomens rikwaemen.
